Adevarul despre SOIA

[mszavai]

Este foarte important de inteles faptul ca SOIA, odata ingerata, se 'deghizeaza' sub forma de estrogen (hormon feminin), ceea ce inseamna ca organismul nu o poate recunoaste ca potential pericol si lupta impotriva ei. Acelasi lucru se poate spune si despre toate tipurile de plastice.

Este trist de vazut ca aceasta industrie incepe sa isi intinda 'tentaculele' si in Romania. In America soia este prezenta in foarte multe produse alimentare si chiar cosmetice. Toata aceasta politica face parte din 'sistem'. Fortele de manipulare au tot interesul ca oamenii sa fie bolnavi, pentru ca astfel este alimentat sistemul medical si farmaceutic. Pentru prima oara in istoria Americii speranta de viata a tinerei generatii este in scadere.

Obisnuiti-va sa cititi lista de ingrediente de pe fiecare produs pe care il cumparati. Aceste industrii vor functiona atata timp cat noi vom continua sa le cumparam produsele.

[mszavai]

de BaniiNostri.ro
Luni, 7 februarie 2005


Incepand cu anul 2007, in agricultura Romaniei vor fi folosite doar soiuri agreate in Comunitate. Semintele transgenice ar putea disparea din culturi.

Cu o productie de peste 100.000 tone de soia si o suprafata cultivata de peste 60.000 hectare, Romania este unul dintre cei mai importanti producatori europeni. Mai mult de jumatate din suprafata este cultivata cu soia Roundup Ready.

Au trecut 10 ani de la cultivarea in scop comercial, in Statele Unite ale Americii, a primelor plante modificate genetic. Suprafata cultivata a crescut de atunci incoace in fiecare an, astfel ca la nivel mondial, in anul 2004 aceasta depasea 80 de milioane de hectare.

Romania se afla, la numai doi ani dupa America, intre cele 14 state care au introdus in circuitul agricol culturile transgenice.

Prin comparatie, dintre tarile Uniunii Europene, doar Spania cultiva in jur de 60.000 de hectare, cu soia si porumb BT, pasi timizi inspre introducerea lor in facand si Franta si Germania.

La nivelul Comunitatii Europene se manifesta insa o rezistenta destul de indarjita fata de organismele modificate genetic (OMG), in ciuda faptului ca o serie de produse exportate aici contin asemenea organisme.

Rezistenta europenilor fata de OMG pare sa se mai fi atenuat totusi in ultima perioada. Au fost deja autorizate importuri pentru produse care contin OMG-uri, cu precizare ca toate alimentele care contin mai mult de 1% de asemenea organisme, sau derivate din acestea, sa fie inscriptionate conform unui sistem predefinit.

Astfel, conform noilor norme ale Uniunii Europene, cu privire la noile alimente si furaje intrate pe piata si toate derivatele din soia, este obligatorie inscriptionarea acestora.

Incepand cu anul 2007, daca pana atunci nu se vor face schimbari in politicile Uniunii, si Romania va fi obligata sa respecte reglementarile amintite. Cu alte cuvinte, tara noastra ar putea sa ajunga sa nu mai produca si sa comercializeze plante transgenice.

Control fara laboratoare

In cazul culturilor de soia, specialistii apreciaza ca peste 80% din suprafata cultivata in Romania este reprezentata de soia modificata genetic. Ioan Sabau, consilier al firmei americane Monsanto, unul cel mai mare producator mondial de seminte transgenice, spune ca soia conventionala nu se mai cultiva practic.

"In Romania se cultiva soia modificata genetic in 20 de judete, unde soiul respectiv este si avizat de altfel." Nu- exclus, mai spune Ioan Sabau, ca incepand cu anul viitor sa fie cultivat si porumb cu asemenea caracteristici (BT).

Asta in conditiile in care se va obtine aprobarea comerciala. Aderarea noastra la Uniunea Europeana presupune insa respectarea legislatiei de aici.

Daca in UE, de pilda, se va obtine aprobarea comerciala pentru porumbul BT, Romania va fi ca o tara raportoare, decizia de aprobare a cultivarii lui revenind Comunitatii Europene.

In negocierile privind capitolul agricultura nu s-a facut referire la organismele modificate genetic, pentru simplu motiv ca atunci cand vom adera vom fi obligati sa cultivam doar soiurile acceptate in Comunitate.

La nivel de mediu au fost negocieri, dar si aici se precizeaza ca din 2007 vom adopta suta la suta legislatia Europeana. Deocamdata a fost numita Comisia pentru Securitate Biologica si a fost armonizata legislatia.

Revenind la obligativitate inscriptionarii, pana in 2007, a tuturor alimentelor care contin OMG s-au derivate ale acestora, trabuie spus insa ca in Romania nu exista inca nici un laborator acreditat pentru testarea necesara. Si mai avem la dispozitie doar doi ani.

In doua valuri

In anul 1988, lista oficiala cu semintele modificate genetic ce urmau sa fie cultivate in Romania cuprindea 12 hibrizi, la cartofi, soia, sfecla de zahar si porumb.

Un an mai tarziu, samanta care s-a impus a fost cea de soia, care se cultiva deja pe o suprafata de 15.500 de hectare. Cartoful si porumbul s-au aflat doar in testari, astfel ca anul trecut suprafata cultivata cu soia a ajuns la 33.000 de hectare.

Rezistenta manifestata de populatie si autoritati fata de semintele transgenice este oarecum explicabila, chiar daca dupa 10 ani de la folosirea lor nu s-a constatat inca nici o reactie nedorita la nivelul organismului uman.

Fermierii in schimb s-au deprins deosebit de repede cu noile seminte. Randamentele la asemenea culturi sunt mult mai ridicate, apreciindu-se ca productiile mediii sunt cu circa 30% mai mari decat in cazul culturilor normale.

Soia modificata genetic este rezistenta la erbicid, iar fermierii pot controla mult mai eficient dezvoltarea buruienilor cu un singur tip de erbicid, printr-o aplicare de cel mult doua ori, fata de 3 sau 4 in conditiile normale.

Primul val, cum il numesc specialistii, al introducerii semintelor modificate genetic a inceput deja sa produca efecte la nivel de ferma. Cel de-al doile val va fi resimtit direct de catre consumatori, in sensul ca preturile alimentelor ce contin OMG va fi mult mai scazut.

In momentul de fata Romania are de ales intre semintele modificate genetic si agricultura ecologica, intre cele doua existand diferente clare de compatibilitate.

"Sunt atatia hibrizi folositi in agricultura, pe care nimeni nu a facut nici un studiu", spune Ioan Sabau, reprezentantul firmei Monsanto, care aduce practic cele mai importante cantitati de seminte modificate genetic pe piata Romaniei.

In plus, soia intra in componenta a circa 70.000 de produse, majoritatea produse alimentare. Si cum aproape toata soia folosita provine din seminte modificate, eventualele reactii nedorite ar fi putut deja sa apara. (A.M)

Randamente ridicate la fermieri

Soia modificata genetic (RR) se vinde in Romania la pachet cu erbicidul Roundup. Costul initial pentru "pachet" era de 160 dolari/hectar, dar a scazut ulterior la 130 dolari. Impactul mediu asupra productei a fost de +31%, intr-un interval de +16 la +50% (la o productie de baza de 2-2,5 tone/hectar).

Cultivatorii au beneficiat si de o imbunatatire cu 2-3% a pretului obtinut pentru soia in urma calitatii imbunatatite a recoltei.

Profitul brut a crescut in medie cu +184%, +127% si respectiv +185%, pentru cele trei tipuri de ferme luate in calcul.

Evaluand impactul total la nivel de ferma asupra productiei si profitului la soia, adoptarea semintelor RR a sporit valoarea productiei de soia din Romania cu circa 8,23-8,62 milioane euro numai pentru perioada 2002-2003.


Sursa: http://www.hotnews.ro/

[mszavai]

Pădurile amazoniene sunt înlocuite de culturi de soia!

Autor: Andreea Dogar

Defrişarea pădurii amazoniene pentru a cultiva soia sau pentru creşterea animalelor nu aduce niciun avantaj economic durabil pentru locuitorii din zonă şi, în plus, ameninţă planeta, arată un studiu publicat la sfârşitul săptămânii, realizat de o echipă internaţioanlă de cercetători.

Regiunea Amazonului este cea mai puţin dezvoltată economic din Brazilia, dar are o imensă importanţă pentru mediu şi pentru clima terestră deoarece ea conţine 40% din pădurile tropicale din lume.

Cercetătorii au analizat 286 de oraşe amazoniene, cu diferite grade de defrişare. Ei au examinat modificările în privinţa longevităţii, a ratei de alfabetizare şi a venitului pe cap de locuitor. Ei au observat o îmbunătăţire rapidă a calităţii vieţii la începutul defrişării.

Aceste câştiguri economice se explică prin faptul că populaţiile au obţinut resurse materiale precum cherestea, minereuri, suprafeţe transformate în păşuni pentru animale şi în culturi de soia, a explicat Ana Rodriguez, de la Centrul de ecologie funcţională şi evolutivă din Montpellier, Franţa, autorul principal al studiului apărut în revista Science.

Veniturile mai ridicate generate de aceste activităţi, combinate cu drumurile nou-construite au crescut nivelul de acces la educaţie şi la asistenţă medicală şi au condus la o ameliorare generală a condiţiilor de viaţă.

Nivelul de trai scade din nou după epuizarea resurselor.

Dar cercetarea a arătat că aceste câştiguri în privinţa standardului de viaţă nu sunt durabile şi că nivelul de dezvoltare cade din nou sub media naţională braziliană odată ce s-a terminat exploatarea resurselor naturale rezultate în urma defrişărilor.

„Am constatat că defrişarea produce iniţial o ameliorare a veniturilor, a speranţei de viaţă şi a alfabetizării, dar aceste câştiguri nu sunt de durată”, subliniază Rob Ewers, de la Colegiul Imperial din Londra, Marea Britanie, unul dintre autorii studiului, citat de AFP.

Declinul dezvoltării economice care se produce în zonele defrişate după ce resursele au fost epuizate este adesea urmat de abandonarea acelor pământuri. De la începutul anilor ’90, o treime din suprafeţele despădurite pentru a fi transformate în păşuni a fost abandonată.

„Modul de dezvoltare actual al regiunii nu este de dorit din punct de vedere uman şi este potenţial dezastruos pentru celelate specii şi pentru climă”, spune Andrew Balmford, profesor la Universitatea Cambridge din Marea Britanie, un alt autor al cercetării. El a menţionat că inversarea acestei tendinţe va fi dificil de realizat.

Totuşi, discuţiile care se desfăşoară pentru a pregăti conferinţa ONU despre climă de la Copenhaga din decembrie ar putea conduce la o soluţie. Ideea este ca ţările industrializate să le plătească pe cele mai sărace, precum Brazilia, pentru ca ele să-şi menţină dioxidul de carbon stocat în pădurile lor tropicale.

Defrişarea acestora este responsabilă de aproximativ 20% din emisiile mondiale de gaze cu efect de seră, potrivit oamenilor de ştiinţă. Din 2000, 155.000 de kilometri pătraţi de pădure tropicală au fost despăduriţi.


Sursa: http://www.evz.ro/

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Booming Soybean Business Means Continued Deforestation in the Amazon

QUERENCIA, Brazil — A new variety of soybean developed by Brazilian scientists to flourish in this punishing equatorial climate is good for farmers, putting South America's biggest country on the verge of supplanting the United States as the world's leading exporter.

But, to the horror of environmental activists, soybeans are claiming increasingly bigger swaths of rainforest to make way for plantations, adding to the inroads by ranching. The Amazon lost some 10,000 square miles of forest cover last year alone -- 40 percent more than the year before.

In Querencia, cowboy-hatted ranchers recently transplanted from Brazil's prosperous south rub shoulders with Amazon Indians as streams of tractor-trailers kick up dust hauling fertilizer in and huge tree trunks out. Nowhere is the doubled-edge thrust of soybeans more apparent than in this dusty boom town on the rainforest's southern edge.

"The farmers are cutting down everything to make way for soy and that's good business for me," said Ivo de Lima, a lumber man who moved here recently.

The paved highway petered out more than 100 miles back, but roadside billboards still sprout across a landscape of interminable green fields -- proclaiming the presence of multinational agribusiness giants like Cargill and Bunge.

"After cattle ranching, soybeans are the main driver of Amazon destruction," said Roberto Smeraldi of Friends of the Earth Brazil. "Today, we have lots of areas being cut down by small holders with the idea of selling them to soybean farmers and in other areas pasture is being converted to soy."

With soybean prices at a five-year high, thanks to a smaller-than-expected crop this year in the United States, Brazilian farmers are rushing into the jungle to take advantage of cheap land.

A bag of soybeans sells for about $11.85, allowing a good profit because soybeans cost $6-$7.50 to produce, said Anderson Galvao Gomes, director of the Celeres agricultural consulting firm.

"The price would have to drop considerably for the expansion to stop," he said.



The front line of the soybean advance is in Querencia, a municipality of nearly 6,800 square miles that includes the Xingu National Park -- a near pristine slice of rainforest where 14 Indian tribes live in much the way they have for thousands of years.

Indians say the soybean boom is beginning to change all that.

"The soy is arriving very fast. Every time I leave the reservation I don't recognize anything anymore because the forest keeps disappearing," said Ionaluka, a director of the Xingu Indian Land Association.

The area around Xingu lost about 500 square miles of forest last year.

"Across the state, deforestation increased by 30 percent between 2001 and 2002. This year, I don't know about the whole state, but in the region of Querencia I believe the numbers for deforestation will certainly grow," said Rodrigo Justus Brito, director of forest resources for the state environmental agency.

Indians fear deforestation will dry up the rivers that run through the Xingu reservation and the chemicals used to keep lizards and termites off crops will poison their fish.

Satellite photos reveal that the southern half of the 10,800-square-mile reservation is almost completely surrounded by farm fields.

Environmentalists fear that is a picture of the Amazon's future.

Soybean producers are lobbying to pave roads through the jungle and Cargill recently opened a major port in the Amazon River city of Santarem.

Critics say that if left unchecked, soybean cultivation will eventually eat up large swaths of rainforest and wreck the environment.

Gov. Blairo Maggi of Mato Grosso state, who also is one of the world's largest soybean producers, says those fears are unfounded. He argues damage can be kept to a minimum if the state's strict environmental rules are followed and he accuses environmental groups of stirring unnecessary worry.

"Behind the environmental concerns are economic interests," Maggi said. "They are trying to impede or slow the growth of Brazilian production."

Maggi said that ideally 40 percent of his state's 349,807 square miles will be devoted to agriculture and 60 percent will be preserved.

He hopes that by the time he leaves office in 2007, Mato Grosso will be producing 100 million tons of soybeans a year, five times the state's current crop and equal to all of Brazil's harvest in 2002.

The state does have strict environmental regulations as well as Brazil's most advanced system for monitoring and preventing Amazon destruction, but critics question whether they will be enforced. The state remains Brazil's leader in agricultural burning and forest fires.



There's no evidence that deforestation is drying up the Xingu River or that pesticides have killed a single fish, but the Indians say the soybean boom is just starting and they want to protect themselves before it's too late.

"Our Xingu is not just what's here. It's a very long thread, and when it rains the soy brings venom down the same river that passes by our door," said Jywapan Kayabi, a chief at the Capivara Indian village.

Kayabi said the effects of deforestation are apparent in the region's rivers. In 1994, a large deforestation project 200 miles away muddied waterways and making it impossible to fish in the traditional way with bow and arrows.

Indians also worry about the pesticides that come in large drums with warnings not to reuse the containers and that steam fumes into the air when poured out on the ground.

Brazil's federal environment minister, Marina Silva, says soybean production doesn't have to spell the end of the rainforest.

"In Mato Grosso alone there are 12 million acres of abandoned land," Silva said. "You just make an effort to intensively use those areas that are already devastated and avoid advancing into areas that still have forest cover."



Cheap land is one factor in the Amazon's soybean boom.

Jay Edwards, 46, an Indiana farmer, who manages an 11,115-acre farm in Querencia for an American farm cooperative, said operating costs in Brazil are about the same as in the United States, but the land is considerably cheaper.

"You see your return about four or five years after you clear the land," said Edwards, who arrived in 1994.

He said farmland cost about $40 an acre when he got here, and today sells for about $650 an acre.

Environmentalists say that even with such farmland available, uncleared forest is even cheaper, around $41 an acre, making illegal deforestation especially tempting.

"They say soy is planted only in degraded pasture, but we have evidence that it's not that way," said Rosely Sanches, a biologist working with the Institute for Society and the Environment in Sao Paulo. "There is a search for land because the price of land in soy-growing areas has gotten very expensive."



Sursa: http://www.mongabay.com

[mszavai]

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"SOS Amazon": 1st action of Amazon tribes, sending message "Wake Up, World!"
at 2009 World Social Forum in Brazil


By WcP.Observer - 30 January 2009

BELÉM, Brazil, Jan 27 (IPS) - A human banner made up of more than 1,000 people, seen and photographed from the air, sent the message "SOS Amazon" to the world, in the first action taken by indigenous people hours before the opening in northern Brazil on Tuesday of the 2009 World Social Forum (WSF).

The mass message reflects "our concern about global warming, whose impact we will be the first to feel, although we, the peoples of the Amazon, have protected and cared for the forests," Francisco Avelino Batista, an Apurinán Indian from the Purus river valley in the Brazilian Amazon, told IPS.

"We are raising our voices as a wake-up call to the world, especially the rich countries that are hastening its destruction," said Edmundo Omoré, a member of the Xavante indigenous community from the west-central state of Mato Grosso on the border between the Amazon region and the Cerrado, a vast savannah region in the center of the country.

Both men belong to the Coordinating Committee of Indigenous Organizations of the Brazilian Amazon (COIAB), which joined the Quito-based Coordinating Body of Indigenous Organizations of the Amazon Basin (COICA) to create their "message from the heart of the Amazon."

Nearly 1,300 indigenous people from about 50 countries, although mainly from Brazil, plan to raise the issues of their rights as original peoples and environmental preservation at this year’s edition of the WSF, which runs through Sunday in Belém, a city of 1.4 million people and the northeastern gateway to the Amazon.

Indigenous people have participated in the WSF in previous years, but this time a much larger presence was sought. The aim was for 2,000 to take part, but transport costs and financial difficulties prevented many participants from coming from other countries and from remote areas within Brazil itself. In addition to indigenous groups, original peoples at the WSF include Quilombolas (members of communities of Afro-Brazilian descendants of escaped slaves) and other native peoples.

The key location chosen for the WSF, and the various global crises that are occurring, have created "a special moment" for original peoples to take a leading role, according to Roberto Espinoza, an adviser to the Andean Coordination of Indigenous Organizations (CAOI).

"A crisis of civilization" is under way, said Espinoza, who described the serious economic, energy and food problems, as well as climate change, as part of the same phenomenon. In this situation, indigenous people should have political participation as of right, not "as folklore or as a merely cultural contribution," Espinoza, one of the coordinators of the indigenous peoples' presence at the WSF, told IPS.

The Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, approved by the United Nations General Assembly, is of paramount importance here, he said. It should not be seen as a "utopian" document; rather, its provisions should be binding, like those of the International Labor Organization’s Convention 169 on indigenous and tribal peoples.

Espinoza said he hoped this WSF would produce an agreement for global demonstrations similar to those held in 2003 against the United States' invasion of Iraq.

This time around, the goal would be to mobilize "in defense of Mother Earth and against the commercialization of life," added to specific causes championed by each nation, such as the fight against hydroelectric power stations in Brazil that flood vast areas of Amazon rainforest and displace riverbank dwellers, he said.






Sursa: http://www.worldculturepictorial.com